{"id":3981,"date":"2012-05-15T17:49:31","date_gmt":"2012-05-15T15:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dixitciencia.com\/2012\/05\/15\/deficit-a-toda-costa\/"},"modified":"2017-05-04T10:38:54","modified_gmt":"2017-05-04T10:38:54","slug":"deficit-a-tota-costa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dixitciencia.com\/ca\/2012\/05\/15\/deficit-a-tota-costa\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e8ficit a tota costa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les reserves de sediment s\u00f3n cada vegada m\u00e9s escasses i les actuacions per revertir els processos erosius, cada vegada m\u00e9s costoses.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Les platges de Catalunya acumulen p\u00e8rdues de sorra significatives. Aquest any hem pogut llegir not\u00edcies com la desaparici\u00f3 de part de la platja de S\u2019Abanell<\/a> a Blanes o la greu regressi\u00f3 de la de Gav\u00e0 Mar<\/a>. Aquests fets s\u00f3n habituals. Fins ara, si els temporals no eren excessius i els danys provocats no despertaven grans alarmes, la situaci\u00f3 s\u2019arreglava a les portes de l\u2019estiu amb actuacions del ministeri de torn que, de forma m\u00e9s o menys pol\u00e8mica, efectuava les pertinents regeneracions de platja, aportant sorra dragada del fons del mar als trams de litoral m\u00e9s perjudicats.<\/p>\n

Aquestes obres, sempre costoses i amb poques garanties, es justificaven per la import\u00e0ncia de les platges com a principal atraient pel turisme. Per\u00f2 sobretot es consideren vitals per garantir la protecci\u00f3 litoral enfront futurs temporals que podrien causar danys irreversibles a les zones m\u00e9s vulnerables.<\/p>\n

La Generalitat de Catalunya va presentar, l\u2019abril del 2010, un estudi<\/a> redactat pel Centre Internacional d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 dels Recursos Costaners (CIIRC) i el Laboratori d\u2019Enginyeria Mar\u00edtima de la UPC que constata que, de mitjana, les platges del litoral catal\u00e0 perden anualment un metre i mig d\u2019amplada. Aquesta p\u00e8rdua es deu a un problema de d\u00e8ficit sedimentari.<\/p>\n

\n

Causes del d\u00e8ficit<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u2019endegament i altres obres de regulaci\u00f3 de rius i rieres permeten reduir el risc per inundaci\u00f3 en episodis de pluges abundants, per\u00f2 fan que els cursos d\u2019aigua acabin aportant menys sediment a la costa.<\/em><\/p>\n

2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u2019augment espectacular de superf\u00edcies impermeabilitzades a l\u2019interior del pa\u00eds degut a que, en els darrers 50 anys, s\u2019ha constru\u00eft m\u00e9s a Catalunya que en tots els segles anteriors junts.<\/em><\/p>\n

3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La proliferaci\u00f3 de dics i ports que, cada 10 quil\u00f2metres aproximadament, esquitxen la costa i provoquen que el sediment que viatja de nord-est a sud-oest de Catalunya per efecte de la din\u00e0mica litoral<\/a> es perdi amb m\u00e9s facilitat en aig\u00fces profundes. En especial quan \u00e9s arrossegat mar endins per l\u2019efecte de ressaca de les grans onades.<\/em><\/p>\n

4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La construcci\u00f3 de passejos mar\u00edtims i infraestructures que han fet desapar\u00e8ixer la pr\u00e0ctica totalitat dels sistemes dunars que, de forma natural, permetien a la platges protegir-se en casos de forts temporals.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Se saben els diversos factors que provoquen aquest d\u00e8ficit per\u00f2 encara no s\u2019ha plantejat seriosament quina \u00e9s la import\u00e0ncia relativa de cadascun d\u2019ells. Tots hi juguen un paper important i actuen en el mateix sentit, amb conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies prou evidents. De fet, els s\u00edmptomes estan clarament diagnosticats, per\u00f2 encara desconeixem el funcionament exacte de la \u2018malaltia\u2019 i estem lluny de tenir una idea clara de com tractar-la.<\/p>\n

Un nou marc econ\u00f2mic i pol\u00edtic<\/strong><\/p>\n

La crisi econ\u00f2mica i els problemes de d\u00e8ficits i deutes ens han fet veure a tots que els recursos s\u00f3n finits. Per aquest motiu cal valorar, amb molta cura, quins s\u00f3n els costos d\u2019oportunitat de cadascuna de les inversions p\u00fabliques i que, potser, \u00e9s hora de plantejar la ren\u00fancia a algunes platges i acceptar que no sempre la soluci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnicament m\u00e9s adequada \u00e9s viable.<\/p>\n

Per altra banda sonen de fons els tambors de la reinterpretaci\u00f3 de la Llei de Costes<\/a> que obre inc\u00f2gnites de quin ser\u00e0 el paper que jugar\u00e0 aquesta franja del litoral on convergeixen multitud d\u2019interessos econ\u00f2mics i mediambientals.<\/p>\n

No es pot demorar m\u00e9s el debat seri\u00f3s que parteixi de la base que ni l\u2019estat de les nostres platges ni la seva din\u00e0mica s\u00f3n els mateixos que fa 50 anys, que el model territorial i l\u2019activitat humana han alterat el seu equilibri i que els mitjans dels quals disposem s\u00f3n finits.<\/p>\n

Exemple: Comarca del Maresme<\/a><\/p>\n

Com podem reaccionar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Les car\u00e8ncies del sistema que aportava sorra a les platges quedaran evidenciades ara que les administracions han perdut bona part de la seva capacitat inversora. Per alta banda, la titularitat estatal sobre el domini p\u00fablic maritimoterrestre fa que tota soluci\u00f3 proposada per qualsevol altra administraci\u00f3 competent, s\u2019hagi de consensuar i preveure amb suficient antelaci\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u2019enginyeria ofereix diferents alternatives per pal\u00b7liar aquest problema, per\u00f2 caldr\u00e0 valorar adequadament tots els costos d\u2019oportunitat que impliquin en termes d\u2019impacte tur\u00edstic i mediambiental. Les opcions m\u00e9s immediates s\u00f3n:<\/em><\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seguir amb la pol\u00edtica de regeneracions de platges amb sorres situades a certa profunditat i que es troben fora de la circulaci\u00f3 de la din\u00e0mica litoral. De forma molt resumida suposa inversions constants i la necessitat d\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 de criteris respectuosos amb les comunitats del fons mar\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Apostar per la creaci\u00f3 de m\u00e9s dics que fixin la sorra i minimitzin l\u2019impacte dels temporals. Aquesta, \u00e9s una actuaci\u00f3 que suposa inversions inicials m\u00e9s elevades i que corre el risc de crear aig\u00fces estancades que facin perdre qualitat a l\u2019aigua de bany.<\/em><\/p>\n

3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Recuperar els espais naturals que poden fer de \u2018coix\u00ed\u2019 a la platja, especialment sistemes dunars amb la capacitat de retenir sorres.<\/em><\/p>\n

4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Deixar que es perdin alguns trams de platja i actuar de forma puntual en aquells espais que per motius d\u2019estrat\u00e8gia ambiental o econ\u00f2mica es considerin preferents.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aquesta llista no es pot donar per tancada. Cal afegir l\u2019exist\u00e8ncia de m\u00faltiples sistemes de gesti\u00f3 que es poden plantejar des de l\u2019Administraci\u00f3 o la previsible incorporaci\u00f3 de t\u00e8cniques m\u00e9s innovadores en un camp de l\u2019enginyeria que, a difer\u00e8ncia d\u2019altres com ara les estructures de ponts o els trens d\u2019alta velocitat, encara s\u2019executen de forma molt ancestral.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Cal acotar els desitjos i les expectatives de molts municipis costaners que han fet de la seva franja litoral part substancial de la seva identitat i motor de la seva activitat econ\u00f2mica. Ser\u00e0 necessari que un territori on incideixen tantes administracions amb compet\u00e8ncies solapades i existeixen agents amb interessos diversos es prenguin aquest problema sense apriorismes. Aix\u00f2 suposaria una passa endavant i que la governan\u00e7a s\u2019encamin\u00e9s cap a pol\u00edtiques de gesti\u00f3 integral de les zones costaneres (coneguda per l\u2019acr\u00f2nim GIZC), sense la qual pot resultar impossible arribar a acords que permetin remar a l\u2019un\u00edson.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0EP\u00cdLEG:<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 pot suposar la reforma de la llei de costes?<\/strong><\/p>\n

El passat 1 de febrer el Ministre d\u2019Agricultura, Alimentaci\u00f3 i Medi Ambient, Miguel Arias Ca\u00f1ete, presentava 66 propostes<\/a> que configuraven una mena de programa d\u2019actuaci\u00f3. Entre aquestes, en l\u2019\u00e0mbit de costes, s\u2019assenyalava la voluntat de \u201cfer compatible la protecci\u00f3 del litoral amb el desenvolupament de les activitats econ\u00f2miques i amb la seguretat jur\u00eddica\u201d juntament amb la \u201crecuperaci\u00f3 de terrenys degradats per al desenvolupament d\u2019activitats econ\u00f2miques mitjan\u00e7ant la promoci\u00f3 de desafeccions d\u2019espais de domini p\u00fablic que ja no requereixen una protecci\u00f3 especial per haver perdut les seves caracter\u00edstiques naturals\u201d. La combinaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquestes l\u00ednies de treball pot obrir la porta a expectatives d\u2019esgotar, encara una mica m\u00e9s, les franges litorals properes a espais ja urbanitzats enlloc d\u2019assumir pol\u00edtiques de restituci\u00f3 costanera o d\u2019endarrerir immobles que es puguin veure afectats per la regressi\u00f3 de la l\u00ednia de costa.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s Informaci\u00f3 sobre el litoral catal\u00e0 a:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.igc.cat\/web\/ca\/costa_lvzcc.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cal un debat seri\u00f3s per assolir un entorn de qualitat -o simplement mantenir el que ja tenim- amb algunes activitats econ\u00f2miques, com la cultural i tur\u00edstica, que no podem marginar. En aquest sentit, la franja litoral \u00e9s un dels problemes que est\u00e0 al capdavant a l’hora de valorar la possibilitat d’executar pol\u00edtiques de consens al territori i de dur-les a terme amb racionalitat i coher\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3984,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[813,892,825],"tags":[893,894,827,895,896],"thb-sponsors":[],"class_list":["post-3981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-ca","category-ingenieria-y-tecnologia-ca","category-medio-ambiente-2-ca","tag-enginyeria-ca","tag-litoral-ca","tag-medi-ambient-ca","tag-platja-ca","tag-turisme-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e8ficit a tota costa - Dixit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dixitciencia.com\/2012\/05\/15\/deficit-a-toda-costa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e8ficit a tota costa - Dixit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cal un debat seri\u00f3s per assolir un entorn de qualitat -o simplement mantenir el que ja tenim- amb algunes activitats econ\u00f2miques, com la cultural i tur\u00edstica, que no podem marginar. 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